Hypospadias is a congenital disorder in which the urethra's entrance is not at the tip of the penis, but rather on the bottom. The urethra is the duct that allows urine to exit the body after leaving the bladder. But don’t worry, as the condition is quite common with one baby out of two hundred being born with this condition at present.
The most common cure for this condition is surgery through which the doctors generally return your child's penis to its original look. With effective therapy, most males can have healthy urination and production. The penis is meant to allow urine and sperm to exit the body and if the openings are at the tip, it allows urine and sperm to exit more efficiently.
There are several types of hypospadias and they depend on the positioning of the opening of the meatus.
Sub coronal in this case, the urethral opening or the meatus is located at the top of the penis. This may cause a slight curve during an erection.
Midshaft Hypospadias in this case, the meatus is located halfway down the penis’ side, right along the shaft.
Penoscrotal Hypospadias in this case, the urethral opening is located at the place where the shaft meets the scrotum. The penis of the babies with this condition curves noticeably more during erection.
Distal Hypospadias if your baby is diagnosed with the distal hypospadias condition, then the meatus will be closer to the edge of the head and towards the end of the penis. This may also cause a mild curve during an erection.
Glandular Hypospadias it is the most general form of hypospadias where the meatus is located at the head of the penis but not at the tip. This condition is not much severe.
Perineal Hypospadias in this case, the urethral opening is situated at the center of an irregularly split scrotum. Moreover, the erection causes a serious curvature which must be treated as soon as possible.
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Even though hypospadias is a very common congenital disease, its exact cause of it is still unknown. Most experts agree on the general assumption that the hypospadias causes include the integration of genetics and other environmental factors, like the mother's environment during pregnancy, her lifestyle choices, dietary plans, and the consumption of medicines and drugs.
The major factors that may result in hypospadias in your baby are:
According to the experts, hypospadias is common in babies if the mothers are more than 35 years old during pregnancy. Excessive weight can also result in hypospadias in babies.
Your baby may suffer from this condition due to the genes of your family that have long-standing cases of hypospadias.
The penis of your baby generally forms when you are pregnant for nine to twelve weeks. The male hormones play vital during the formation of the penis and any disbalance in these hormones may lead to this condition.
With the advancement of medical technologies, experts have introduced new fertility treatment procedures. However, sometimes these procedures may lead to hypospadias in your baby.
Smoking and exposure to harmful chemicals and pesticides are also significant hypospadias causes.
As already mentioned, hypospadias is a very common congenital disease among baby boys and the most popular method of treatment is through hypospadias surgery.
The first step of hypospadias treatment is diagnosis. Your baby is diagnosed with this disorder after birth when the doctors conduct a physical examination. The condition is easy to diagnose as the penis has an unusual curvature that is noticeable. However, in some cases, if the condition is mild, then it may not be easily noticeable and you may need to bring your baby to the doctor again after you notice some of the symptoms.
The type of deformity your baby has will determine the type of treatment his hypospadias needs. The common method of treatment is surgery which helps to rectify the issue. Hypospadias surgery is one of the oldest forms of treatment and is guaranteed to be successful.
The main aim of the surgery is to reconstruct your baby's penis into a normal-looking one where the urethral opening or the meatus is at the tip of the head. During the surgery, the doctor will first straighten the shaft of the penis.
After the shaft is straightened, the surgeon will create a proper urinary channel which will have an opening at the head of the penis, right at the tip which is the common position for a meatus. After that, the doctor will reconstruct the foreskin or remove the excess.
There are several types of surgeries for hypospadias treatment. Urethromeatoplasty is the most common form of treatment for glandular hypospadias. During this method of surgery, the surgeon creates a new opening or meatus of the urethra followed by reconstructing the head of the penis so that the opening is properly positioned.
In the case of penoscrotal hypospadias, your baby will undergo two stages of surgery. The procedure is based long-term and the surgeon carries out the two stages of surgery six months apart. Generally, the surgeon uses the skin from the baby's mouth to reconstruct the urethral opening. The unusual split of the scrotum is eliminated, resulting in the elimination of the noticeable curvature of the penis during an erection.
The surgery usually lasts from ninety minutes for distal hypospadias to three hours for other types of surgeries. Regardless of the hypospadias type and surgeries, the surgeon will first straighten the penis before reconstructing the urethra. The ideal age for your baby to undergo these treatment procedures is usually 6-12 months. However, teens and adults can also undergo the surgery in case the condition was not diagnosed at an early stage.
Before the surgery, your baby will be put to sleep with the help of general anesthesia. It will not affect your baby much and the surgeons will use all sorts of treatment methods that will make the post-surgery time painless.
After the surgery, the doctor will insert a catheter in your baby’s penis so that the urine doesn’t affect the freshly done surgery. The tube or the catheter is usually attached for several days and is connected to a diaper.
Don’t worry the tube or the hypospadias surgery will not cause too many problems for your baby. This is why most doctors prefer the surgery before the babies are a year old. The early treatment causes less discomfort and pain unlike the late treatment in adults.
Moreover, many drugs have been introduced to kill the pain so your baby will not face any painful circumstances after the surgery. In case of bladder issues, the doctor may recommend your baby some medication, which you must remember.
Once your baby comes home after the surgery, you must take full responsibility to care for the wound after the surgery. You must follow what the doctor recommends.
In most cases, a baby is diagnosed with hypospadias just after their birth, during their physical examination. In these cases, the doctor will inform you about the symptoms and causes himself, and the treatment method your baby must undergo to cure the condition.
However, in some cases, the condition may be mild and the doctors may not diagnose your child with the condition. Therefore, you must keep an eye on the hypospadias symptoms and immediately contact the pediatrician for effective treatment.
The major symptoms are as follows:
Sometimes, your baby may a have strange penis appearance due to this condition and you must contact a doctor if you suspect hypospadias.
Like most surgeries, the hypospadias surgery also has some minor risks associated with it. The risks and complications are very rare. The most common complication associated with the treatment is the formation of another urethral opening or fistula in another place on the penis.
There is a possibility of scars forming in the channel which may cause a hindrance when the urine is traveling to the urethral opening. Moreover, your baby may face leakage of urine from the second opening. The flow of urine can also slow down due to these complications.
Most of the complications occur within six months of the surgery except for the fistula or a blockage problem that may appear after quite a few years have passed from the surgery. However, there is not much to worry about as these complications can be easily overcome through surgeries.
The scarred tissues are replaced with normal ones from other parts of the body to ensure the free flow of urine.
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